[學測指考必備時事焦點] 中國即將在香港通過有爭議的國家安全法！？

1. China is introducing a sweeping national security law for Hong Kong that has sparked protest, fear and controversy in the semi-autonomous city. Critics say the law marks an erosion of the city’s precious civil and political freedoms; the Chinese and local governments argue it’s necessary to curb unrest and uphold mainland sovereignty.

(中國正在為香港引入全面的國家安全法，該法律在這個半自治城市引發了抗議，恐懼和爭議。 批評人士說，這條法律代表香港寶貴的公民和政治自由的侵蝕; 而中國和地方政府則認為有必要遏制動亂並維護大陸主權。)

相關單字：

controversy (n.) 爭議；爭論；爭辯

• 同義字：argument, dispute
• 補充用法：a controversy surrounding/over + 事 對於某事產生的爭議

erosion (n.) 削弱；逐步的破壞

• 同義字：corroding, crumbling

sovereignty (n.) 主權，統治權

• 同義字：supremacy
• 補充用法：國家 + has/have sovereignty over + 地區 某國對某地有統治權

2. While Hong Kong has an independent legal system, a back door in its mini-constitution allows Beijing to make law in the city — meaning there’s not much the Hong Kong public or leadership can do about it.

(儘管香港擁有獨立的法律制度，但由於其微型憲法的後門，北京可以在該市製定法律，這意味著香港公眾或領導層對此無能為力。)

相關單字：

constitution (n.) 憲法；章程

• 補充用法：the Constitution of the United States《美國憲法》

3. Under this proposed law, criminal offenses will include secession, subversion against the central Chinese government, terrorist activities, and collusion with foreign forces to endanger national security.

(根據該擬議法律，刑事犯罪將包括分裂國家，顛覆中央政府，恐怖活動以及與外國勢力串通以危害國家安全。)

相關單字：

secession (n.) 分離，脫離
subversion (n.) 破壞，顛覆
collusion (n.) 勾結，共謀

4. Under the proposed law:

• Beijing will establish a national security office, staffed by mainland security services to supervise local authorities in policing the law.
• Hong Kong’s top official will pick which judges hear national security cases, jeopardizing the city’s independent judiciary.
• Mainland Chinese authorities can “exercise jurisdiction” over cases in special circumstances, meaning certain crimes in Hong Kong could result in trials on the mainland.
• The city will set up a national security commission, with a Beijing-appointed adviser and operating under “the supervision of the central government.”
• The bill trumps local laws. If there is a conflict with existing Hong Kong law, the national security law prevails.

5. There’s still a lot we don’t know. Much of the drafting process happens behind closed doors, and there has been no public consultation on the bill — even Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam, the city’s top official, said she hasn’t seen the “complete details.”

（還有很多我們不知道的地方。 起草過程大部分是秘密進行的，而且還沒有就該法案進行公眾諮詢，甚至香港行政長官林鄭月娥也表示，她還沒有看到「完整細節」。）

相關單字：

drafting (n.) 起草
consultation (n.) 諮詢