英文的「動詞三態」包含原形動詞、過去式動詞、過去分詞，用來標記不同的時間或狀態。
「原形動詞」是現在簡單式的基本型態（第三人稱單數會加 -s / -es / -ies ），「過去式動詞」用於過去簡單式，「過去分詞」則用於各種完成式的時態。
動詞三態：規則和不規則變化
動詞的三態變化，分為規則變化和不規則變化兩類，規則變化的「過去式動詞」和「過去分詞」會是相同形態，詳細的規則變化方式，請見此篇「過去式」文章。
不規則動詞的三態變化，則需特別花時間記憶。本文整理出常用的不規則動詞三態變化表，並依變化方式分為五個群組：
- A-A-A 三態同形
- A-B-B 過去式動詞和過去分詞相同
- A-B-A 原形動詞和過去分詞相同
- A-A-B 原形動詞和過去式動詞相同
- A-B-C 三態皆異
不規則動詞三態變化：五大分類表
不規則動詞變化：第 1 類不規則變化，A-A-A，三態皆相同
| 原形動詞 | 過去式動詞 | 過去分詞 (p.p.) | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| cost | cost | cost | 花費 |
| cut | cut | cut | 切 |
| hit | hit | hit | 打 |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | 傷害 |
| let | let | let | 允許 |
| put | put | put | 放 |
| quit | quit | quit | 退出 |
| read | read | read | 閱讀 |
| shut | shut | shut | 關閉 |
不規則動詞變化：第 2 類不規則變化，A-B-B，過去式動詞和過去分詞相同
| 原形動詞 | 過去式動詞 | 過去分詞 (p.p.) | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| bring | brought | brought | 帶來 |
| build | built | built | 建造 |
| buy | bought | bought | 買 |
| catch | caught | caught | 抓住 |
| feel | felt | felt | 感覺 |
| fight | fought | fought | 戰鬥 |
| find | found | found | 發現 |
| hang | hung | hung | 懸掛 |
| have | had | had | 有 |
| hear | heard | heard | 聽見 |
| hold | held | held | 握住 |
| keep | kept | kept | 保持 |
| leave | left | left | 離開 |
| lend | lent | lent | 借出 |
| light | lit | lit | 點燃 |
| lose | lost | lost | 失去 |
| make | made | made | 製造 |
| mean | meant | meant | 意指 |
| meet | met | met | 遇見 |
| pay | paid | paid | 付錢 |
| say | said | said | 說 |
| sell | sold | sold | 賣 |
| send | sent | sent | 送 |
| shine | shone | shone | 發光 |
| sit | sat | sat | 坐 |
| sleep | slept | slept | 睡覺 |
| spend | spent | spent | 花費 |
| stand | stood | stood | 站 |
| teach | taught | taught | 教 |
| tell | told | told | 告訴 |
| think | thought | thought | 想 |
| understand | understood | understood | 理解 |
| win | won | won | 贏 |
不規則動詞變化：第 3 類不規則變化，A-B-A，原形動詞和過去分詞相同
| 原形動詞 | 過去式動詞 | 過去分詞 (p.p.) | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| become | became | become | 成為 |
| come | came | come | 來 |
| run | ran | run | 跑 |
不規則動詞變化：第 4 類不規則變化，A-A-B，原形動詞和過去式動詞相同
| 原形動詞 | 過去式動詞 | 過去分詞 (p.p.) | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| beat | beat | beaten | 打 |
不規則動詞變化：第 5 類不規則變化，A-B-C，三態皆不同
| 原形動詞 | 過去式動詞 | 過去分詞 (p.p.) | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | was / were | been | 是 |
| begin | began | begun | 開始 |
| bite | bit | bitten | 咬 |
| blow | blew | blown | 吹 |
| break | broke | broken | 打破 |
| choose | chose | chosen | 選擇 |
| do | did | done | 做 |
| draw | drew | drawn | 畫 |
| drink | drank | drunk | 喝 |
| drive | drove | driven | 駕駛 |
| eat | ate | eaten | 吃 |
| fall | fell | fallen | 墜落 |
| fly | flew | flown | 飛 |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | 忘記 |
| get | got | gotten | 得到 |
| give | gave | given | 給 |
| go | went | gone | 去 |
| grow | grew | grown | 成長 |
| hide | hid | hidden | 隱藏 |
| know | knew | known | 知道 |
| lie | lay | lain | 躺 |
| ride | rode | ridden | 騎 |
| ring | rang | rung | 鳴響 |
| rise | rose | risen | 上升 |
| see | saw | seen | 看見 |
| shoot | shot | shot | 發射 |
| show | showed | shown | 展現 |
| sing | sang | sung | 唱 |
| speak | spoke | spoken | 說話 |
| steal | stole | stolen | 偷 |
| swim | swam | swum | 游泳 |
| take | took | taken | 拿 |
| tear | tore | torn | 撕開 |
| throw | threw | thrown | 丟 |
| wake | woke | woken | 醒 |
| wear | wore | worn | 穿 |
| write | wrote | written | 寫 |
延伸學習：真正把「動詞三態」牢牢記住！
學習動詞三態的最佳方式，其實不用一直拿著圖表反覆背誦，而是要透過實際的造句應用，才能夠真正強化記憶，達到事半功倍的學習效果！
馬上來認識一下，動詞三態的各種用法！
想知道「過去式動詞」的使用情境？和現在式有什麼差別嗎？
→ 過去式
